Poornaprajna International Journal of Teaching & Research Case Studies (PIJTRCS)
Country of Publication: India Publisher: Poornaprajna Publication, Udupi, Karnataka, India Format: Open Access ISSN: 3107-8494 Year of Start: 2024 Available from: Crossref, Indian Citation Index, Zenodo, OpenAir Frequency: 2 Issues per year Language: English Scope: Multidisciplinary in Teaching and Research Case Studies Article Processing Charge: 2000 £ (Pounds) but currently free publication for first 10 years (till year 2030) Types of Journal: Academic/ Scholarly Journals Open Access: Yes Indexed & Abstracted: Yes Policy: Double blinded Peer Review Publication Ethics: Editorial Ethics Policy Review Time: Six to Eight Weeks Approximately Contact & Submission Email: pijtrcs@poornaprajnapublication.com Poornaprajna International Journal of Teaching & Research Case Studies (PIJTRCS) is an online, not-for-profit, Poornaprajna Group, Udupi sponsored free publication, blind peer-reviewed, open-access, quarterly but continuous weekly uploading of accepted papers, plagiarism free, refereed research journal published by Poornaprajna Publication, Udupi, India. PIJTRCS offers free publication opportunity to its authors, allows to keep Copyright of the scholarly paper with the authors. It provides a global author-centric publishing platform for Professors, Research scholars, academicians, professionals, and students engaged in Research. The main aim of PIJTRCS is to become the world’s leading Author-Centred fast publication journal that is preferred and trusted by the research community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed, and scientifically developed research articles of international calibre. PIJTRCS publishes Teaching Case Studies and Research Case Studies in the field of Business Management, Education, Social Sciences, and Health Sciences, etc. The Journal publishes scholarly articles in English. PIJTRCS accepts exceptional Teaching & Research contribution from the authors in the form of simulation models, case studies, and technical notes. All submissions are also checked for plagiarism. The length of the manuscript must be between five (5) to twenty (50) journal pages excluding references. The journal follows the |C|O|P|E| (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidance while accepting scholarly papers for publication. The Article Processing Charge (APC) subsidized for Faculty Members, Students and Research Scholars of Poornaprajna Group by its Research Fund.
Strategic Leadership, Digital Transformation, and Organizational Excellence: A CEO Analysis of Dinesh Kumar Khara at State Bank of India
Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly article is to critically examine the leadership, strategic decisions, and organizational impact of Dinesh Kumar Khara during his tenure at State Bank of India. The study aims to evaluate how his technology-driven and transformational leadership contributed to improvements in profitability, asset quality, digital transformation, and operational efficiency. By applying analytical frameworks such as SWOC, KPIs, ABCD Analysis, CEOPA, and the CEO Performance Matrix, the article seeks to assess his overall effectiveness as a CEO and identify key factors behind SBI’s organizational transformation. The research also intends to generate strategic insights and recommendations for future leadership, innovation, and sustainable growth in the banking sector. Methodology: This exploratory case study utilizes data gathered from credible sources such as official websites, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT tools, and analyzes the information using suitable analytical frameworks aligned with the study’s objectives. Result /Analysis: Based on the analysis, Dinesh Kumar Khara’s leadership played a significant role in strengthening SBI’s financial performance, improving asset quality, and accelerating digital transformation through initiatives such as YONO and technology-driven banking services. The SWOC, ABCD, and KPI analyses reveal that his strategic vision, financial acumen, and governance-oriented approach enhanced operational efficiency, customer trust, and stakeholder value while reducing non-performing assets and increasing profitability. The study also identifies challenges related to bureaucratic structures, intense competition from private banks and fintech firms, and the complexities of managing a large public-sector institution. Overall, the findings classify Khara as a highly effective transformational leader whose strategic decisions contributed substantially to SBI’s growth, modernization, and long-term sustainability. Originality/ Value: This study is original in its CEO-centric examination of Dinesh Kumar Khara’s leadership at SBI, an area that has received limited scholarly attention despite the bank’s significant transformation during his tenure. The article adds value by integrating multiple analytical frameworks, including SWOC, ABCD Analysis, KPIs, CEOPA, and the CEO Performance Matrix, to provide a comprehensive assessment of leadership effectiveness and organizational impact. The findings contribute to leadership, banking, and corporate governance literature by offering insights into how executive leadership can drive digital transformation, financial performance, and institutional resilience in a large public-sector bank. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Case Study
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The Strategic Blueprint of Tatas’ Trent Limited: A Holistic Case Study of Financial Performance, Marketing Excellence, and Counter to Competition
Purpose: To critically analyze the business model, financial performance, marketing excellence, and competitive strategies of Tata’s Trent Limited within the Indian organized retail industry. The study aims to evaluate the company’s strengths, growth drivers, customer-centric practices, and strategic positioning using established analytical frameworks. It also seeks to generate insights into how Trent Limited achieves sustainable competitive advantage and long-term growth in a rapidly evolving retail environment. Methodology: This exploratory research case study utilizes data gathered from credible secondary sources, including official websites, Google Scholar, scholarly publications, and AI-assisted knowledge platforms. The collected information is systematically analyzed using appropriate strategic and analytical frameworks in alignment with the objectives of the study to derive meaningful insights and conclusions. Result/Analysis: The analysis reveals that Trent Limited has achieved sustainable growth through its strong financial performance, customer-centric marketing strategies, efficient supply chain management, and successful retail formats such as Westside and Zudio. The study identifies private-label leadership, technological adoption, rapid store expansion, and value-fashion positioning as key drivers of its competitive advantage. The findings indicate that Trent’s integrated approach to finance, marketing, innovation, and stakeholder management has significantly strengthened its market position in the Indian organized retail industry. Originality/Value: This research case study offers a holistic and multidisciplinary analysis of Trent Limited by integrating financial, marketing, technological, competitive, and stakeholder perspectives through frameworks such as SWOC, ABCD, PESTLE, and Impact Analysis. The study provides valuable strategic insights for researchers, practitioners, and retail managers by demonstrating how Trent Limited sustains competitive advantage and growth in India’s dynamic organized retail sector. Type of the Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Case Study.
Edge Computing Industry Analysis: Business Models, Technological Innovations, and Future Opportunities in the Era of AI and 5G
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the Edge Computing industry from technological, business, and strategic perspectives in the era of Artificial Intelligence and 5G. It examines emerging business models, key innovations, industry opportunities, and critical challenges shaping the sector. The study also aims to identify future growth trends and provide insights for organizations pursuing digital transformation through edge-enabled intelligent systems. Methodology: This study adopts an exploratory qualitative research methodology to systematically examine the Edge Computing industry using data gathered from Google Search, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT tools. The collected information was organized and analyzed using established frameworks such as SWOC, ABCD, PESTLE, Porter’s Five Forces, and Impact Analysis to generate comprehensive insights into the industry's technological, strategic, and business dimensions. Results/Analysis: The analysis reveals that Edge Computing is emerging as a transformative industry that enables real-time data processing, decentralized intelligence, and low-latency services across diverse sectors through the integration of AI, IoT, and 5G technologies. The study identifies strong growth opportunities driven by Edge AI, smart industries, autonomous systems, and digital transformation initiatives, while also highlighting challenges related to cybersecurity, interoperability, scalability, and infrastructure costs. Overall, the results indicate that Edge Computing is evolving into a strategic digital infrastructure with significant potential to reshape business models, industrial operations, and future intelligent ecosystems. Originality/Value: This study offers a comprehensive industry-level perspective on Edge Computing by integrating technological, business, strategic, and future-oriented analyses within a single framework. Its originality lies in combining analytical tools such as SWOC, PESTLE, Porter’s Five Forces, ABCD, Value Chain, and Technology Adoption analyses to evaluate the industry beyond purely technical dimensions. The article provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, technology developers, investors, and business leaders seeking to understand the evolving role of Edge Computing in the AI- and 5G-driven digital economy. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Case Study Research.
Strategic Diversification: A Path to New Market Leadership for Britannia Industries Ltd
Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to examine the strategic challenges faced by Britannia Industries Ltd. due to its heavy dependence on the biscuit segment and to propose a diversification strategy that supports sustainable growth, enhanced competitiveness, and long-term market leadership. The study focuses on identifying opportunities in health-focused foods, premium convenience products, value-added dairy segments, and digital transformation initiatives to reduce business concentration risk and strengthen future growth prospects. Methodology: This study adopts a qualitative research approach based on secondary data analysis and thematic evaluation. Data were collected from academic literature, industry reports, company publications, annual reports, and relevant studies related to diversification, consumer behaviour, and food industry trends. Strategic tools such as SWOC Analysis, ABCD Analysis, Consumer Trend Analysis, Competitor Benchmarking, and Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning (STP) Analysis were employed to assess Britannia’s current market position and identify future growth opportunities. Results & Analysis: The findings indicate that Britannia’s significant dependence on the biscuit category exposes the company to market saturation, competitive pressures, and changing consumer preferences. The analysis suggests that diversification into health-oriented foods, NutriChoice-based functional products, premium convenience foods, and value-added dairy offerings can create new revenue streams and reduce business risk. Furthermore, a phased Direct-to-Consumer (D2C) strategy supported by data-driven marketing and digital engagement can strengthen customer relationships, improve market responsiveness, and enhance digital competitiveness. The proposed implementation framework demonstrates a practical and feasible pathway for achieving sustainable growth, operational efficiency, and stronger market presence. Originality & Value: This study presents an integrated strategic framework that combines portfolio diversification, consumer-centric innovation, digital transformation, and operational sustainability within a single roadmap. By leveraging Britannia’s established brand equity, manufacturing capabilities, and extensive distribution network, the study offers practical recommendations for transforming the company from a biscuit-centric business into a diversified food enterprise. The proposed framework contributes valuable insights for strategic decision-making and provides a sustainable approach for achieving long-term competitive advantage and market leadership in the evolving FMCG sector. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research Case Study
Formulating Vision, Mission, and their Alignment with Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) of the Organization – A Case of Poornaprajna Institute of Management, India
Purpose: To systematically analyze and articulate how the vision and mission of the Poornaprajna Institute of Management (PIM) align with its Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) to enhance the quality and relevance of its MBA program. By examining the strategic alignment of these foundational elements, the study aims to identify gaps in the existing literature on educational program formulation and offer actionable insights for improvement, thereby contributing to the broader discourse on effective management education. Ultimately, the paper seeks to provide a framework for other educational institutions to follow in aligning their educational goals with institutional mission and vision, thereby fostering a more impactful learning environment. Methodology: Exploratory research method is used. Information is collected as per requirement using keywords identified using both traditional literature survey and digital AI tools. The information is analysed as per the objectives of the paper using relevant analysis frameworks. Results/Analysis: The Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) for the MBA programme at Poornaprajna Institute of Management (PIM), Udupi reflect the institute's commitment to nurturing competent, ethical, and socially responsible business leaders. Aligned with the institution's vision and mission, these objectives are designed to ensure that graduates not only excel in the dynamic business world but also contribute meaningfully to society. The PEOs are crafted to focus on developing essential business skills, fostering leadership and innovation, and emphasizing ethics and inclusivity. Originality/Value: The paper aligns the mission of the institution with Programme Educational Objectives of PIM and emphasizes that the alignment of vision, mission, and PEOs is not merely a procedural formality but a strategic necessity that shapes the educational experience and outcomes at PIM. Type of the Paper: Exploratory Research Case study.
Innovations in Management Education – A Case Study of Turnaround Strategy of Poornaprajna Institute of Management, India
Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly article is to examine and analyze the transformative strategies implemented by Poornaprajna Institute of Management (PIM) to address modern challenges in management education. By identifying key turnaround strategies such as enrollment expansion, the introduction of interdisciplinary programs, curriculum innovation, and the development of practical learning platforms, this paper aims to assess the impact of these initiatives on the institute’s reputation and student success. The study also provides a comparative analysis with similar initiatives at other management institutes and offers insights for further enhancement, intending to inspire and guide similar reforms across the field of management education. Methodology: An exploratory research approach is used to investigate transformative strategies within management education. The required information is collected using keywords through Google, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPTs-based information search. The collected relevant information is analyzed, compared, evaluated, and interpreted to create new knowledge. Results/Analysis: The paper identified various turnaround strategies adopted at PIM, Udupi, and analysed these strategies using ABCD stakeholders’ analysis and SWOC analysis framework. The paper also identifies and evaluates these initiatives' proposed Overall impact on the institute’s reputation and student outcomes. Further, a comparative analysis is used to identify similar turnaround strategies in other management institutes. Finally, the paper provided suggestions based on analysis to intensify the turnaround strategies for business management educational institutions. Originality/Value: In this paper, the turnaround strategies and key initiatives of the institution are identified and analysed. These initiates include Enrollment expansion, starting a new MCA program, Leadership Development, Curriculum Autonomy, GIG Economy Readiness Poornaprajna Publication & Consultancy, Digital Library development, and Poornaprajna Incubator to fostering startup ideas and intellectual property creation. This exploration underscores the value of a forward-thinking educational model to build resilient and adaptive business leaders. Type of Paper: Exploratory Case Study.
A Study on the Impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio on Net Non-Performing Assets of Indian Public Sector Banks for the Preceding Five Financial Years
Purpose: The level of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) indicates best the soundness of the banking sector of a nation. The purpose of this study is an effort to look into the impact of CAR on the Net NPAs of all Indian public sector banks across the five preceding financial years and among the banks. Methodology: All the 12 public sector banks at present have been considered for the study. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from the Indian premier bank i.e., RBI website, money control, and other concerned websites. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation has been used as the sole statistical tool with its usual notation. Further, refinement of the result is done by categorising the derived Correlation Coefficients as ‘High Degree Positive’, ‘High Degree Negative’, and ‘Moderate Degree Negative’. Design/Analysis: The research is exploratory research and has employed secondary data for the purpose of analysis. The Population Size N=12(Total Number of Public Sector Banks at present) and sample size n=12 implies that 100% of the population is selected as samples. Results: The research result highlighted that from 2020 to 2024 in a span of 5 financial years, pertaining to the individual banks are concerned, out of 12 public sector banks, only 2 banks i.e., Canara Bank and Bank of India have a high degree of Positive Correlation between CAR and Net NPAs over the preceding five financial years, the remaining 10 banks are having either high degree negative or moderate degree negative correlation between their respective CAR and Net NPAs. As far as the calculation of the Correlation Coefficient of all the 12 public sector banks put together is concerned it is having moderate degree of negative correlation for the preceding five financial years Originality/Value: The research undertaken is thought-provoking as the study period follows the NPA management towards which by and large everyone is curious. There is no such previous study that has looked at the perspective of the Correlation between CAR and Net NPAs point of view. Type of Paper: The research article is exploratory where a serious effort is made to explore about the existing relationship between CAR and Net NPAs of public sector banks in India.
Empowering Women: An Analysis of Needs and Preferences for Self-Discovery, Self-Esteem, and Positive Attitude Development Training
Purpose: This research investigates the essential role of education and skill development in empowering women, particularly in the coastal region of Mangalore, Karnataka, where traditional roles often intersect with modern aspirations. The study aims to identify and analyze the specific training needs and preferences of women in this region, laying the groundwork for effective, targeted training programs. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques to assess the training needs and preferences of women in the coastal area of Mangalore. Surveys, interviews, and focus groups to gather insights into women's perceptions of self-discovery, self-esteem, and positive attitude development. Findings/Results: In Mangalore's coastal region, where traditional roles and modern aspirations coexist, there is a significant demand for training programs that address women's specific needs. The findings highlight the necessity of tailored training programs that focus on self-discovery, self-esteem enhancement, and positive attitude development to support women's personal and professional growth. Originality/Value: The insights gained from this research will inform the development of targeted training programs designed to empower women, improve their economic opportunities, and enhance their overall quality of life. Paper Type: This paper presents the various approaches to empowering women through targeted training. It also includes a detailed training structure and a module that should be incorporated into training programs for women.
Purpose: A company analysis as a research case study involves a detailed examination of a specific organization's strategies, operations, and overall performance to understand its business model and decision-making processes. This approach is crucial in business management research and learning as it provides real-world insights into how companies navigate challenges, capitalize on opportunities, and implement strategies to achieve success. By analyzing a company's practices in areas like human resources, marketing, or financial management, researchers and students can identify best practices, learn from failures, and apply these lessons to similar business contexts, enhancing both theoretical understanding and practical application. In this paper, the HR strategies of Infosys IT company are studied to analyse the innovativeness of the company. Methodology: Exploratory research methodology is used where the required information are searched based on keywords using Company website, Google search engine, Google scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. The information are analysed using various analysis frameworks and Company analysis formats. Analysis/Findings: The company analysis of Infosys, with a special focus on its HR strategies, delves into how the global IT leader manages its human capital to drive organizational success. Infosys has developed comprehensive HR strategies centered on talent acquisition, retention, and development, which are essential in maintaining a competitive edge in the dynamic IT industry. Through initiatives like global recruitment, employee engagement programs, and continuous skill development via platforms such as Infosys Wingspan, the company ensures that its workforce remains highly skilled, motivated, and aligned with its long-term goals. These HR practices have been pivotal in enhancing employee satisfaction, reducing attrition, and fostering innovation. Originality/Value: In the company analysis of Infosys Ltd, various analytical frameworks are employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of its HR strategies. The SWOC internal analysis examines Infosys' strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges in HR management, providing insights into internal capabilities and areas for improvement. The ABCD stakeholders’ analysis focuses on the perspectives of key stakeholders—employees, management, clients, and shareholders—highlighting the advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages of HR policies. PESTL external analysis evaluates the political, economic, social, technological, and legal factors impacting Infosys' HR strategies. HR strategy analysis specifically explores recruitment, retention, and development practices. These frameworks collectively provide a holistic view of how Infosys' HR strategies contribute to its overall business success. Type of Paper: Exploratory Case Study.
Infosys: A Case Study of IT Service Evolution, Technology Adoption & Innovation Strategies
Purpose: Company analysis as a research case study provides a comprehensive examination of a company's strategies, operations, innovations, and market impact. In Information Technology research and learning, such analysis is crucial for understanding how leading firms, like Infosys, develop and adopt technological innovations to maintain competitive advantage. It offers valuable insights into real-world applications of IT solutions, strategic decision-making processes, and the evolution of services. This approach helps researchers and learners identify best practices, challenges, and trends that can inform future advancements in the IT industry. In this paper, the IT service evolution, technology adoption, and innovation strategies of Infosys IT company are studied to analyse the innovativeness of the company. Methodology: Exploratory research methodology is used where the required information is searched based on keywords using Company website, Google search engine, Google scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. The information is analysed using various analysis frameworks and Company analysis formats. Importance: The company analysis of Infosys: A Case Study in IT Service Evolution delves into the strategic development and adoption of Information Technology innovations that have shaped Infosys' growth and leadership in the IT services sector. This case study explores how Infosys has continuously evolved its service offerings, integrating cutting-edge technologies to meet global market demands. By analyzing its historical milestones and future-focused strategies, this study highlights the company's role in driving IT service innovation and provides valuable lessons for understanding the dynamics of IT service evolution in a competitive global landscape. Results/Analysis: In the company analysis of Infosys: A Case Study in IT Service Evolution, multiple analysis frameworks are employed to gain a holistic understanding of the company's strategies and operations. The SWOC internal analysis examines Infosys' strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges within the IT landscape. The ABCD stakeholders’ analysis assesses the impact of the company's services from various stakeholder perspectives. PESTL external analysis explores the political, economic, social, technological, and legal factors influencing Infosys. The technology strategy analysis focuses on the company’s IT adoption and innovation strategies throughout its history and into the future. Originality/Value: This is the first systematic study of company analysis as a research case study for Infosys IT Company for its IT Service Evolution, Technology Adoption and Innovation Strategies. Based on the analysis, certain suggestions are proposed in the form of postulates. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research Case Study.
Poornaprajna Super-Executives Development Model for Innovative Business Management Education – A Case Study
Purpose: The purpose of researching the Super-Executives Development Model in Business Management Education is to create a comprehensive framework that enhances the development of future business leaders who are both highly employable and capable of entrepreneurial success. This model aims to integrate key elements such as leadership development, innovation, ethical decision-making, and experiential learning, ensuring that graduates not only excel in executive roles but also possess the skills and mindset to start and sustain their own ventures. By identifying and analyzing the components that contribute to the holistic development of super-executives, the research seeks to provide actionable strategies for institutions to enhance their business management programs and better prepare students for the dynamic global business environment. Methodology: Exploratory research method is used. Relevant information are collected using suitable keywords from institutional website, Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and analysed using suitable frameworks for creating new interpretations. Model & Analysis: A new model of executive education at postgraduate level is envisioned and the factors affecting the model are identified and named as Super Executive Development Model. SWOC analysis framework is used to analyse the impact of the model. Value addition to existing MBA curriculum is made and presented as MBA++ programme. Originality/Value: A new model of Super executives’ development in systematic higher education in business management is developed, presented and analysed. The anticipated impact of the model in executive higher education and entrepreneurship is also analysed. The model is evaluated using SWOC analysed. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research Case Study.
A Systematic CEO Analysis for Elon Musk of Tesla Inc. EV Company
Purpose: CEO analysis is a critical component in understanding the dynamics of leadership and its implications on company performance. CEO analysis will study the various attributes, achievements, and contributions as per various analysis frameworks including key performance indicators (KPI), SWOC analysis, ABCD analysis from various stakeholders' points of view, and the position of the CEO in the CEO Performance matrix for a CEO under consideration. This paper highlights the significance of exploring the career and leadership attributes of CEOs, with a specific focus on Elon Musk of Tesla. Methodology: The paper uses exploratory research method. The required information are collected using many sources including company website, Google search engine, Google scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs as per the keywords chosen. These information are used to analyse, compare, evaluate, interpret, and create new information as per used analysis frameworks. Results/Analysis: This exploratory research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla, with a focus on understanding his career trajectory, leadership style, and contributions to the company, industry, and society. The study employs various analysis frameworks, including SWOC, KPIs, and ABCD, to evaluate Musk's impact on Tesla's performance. Furthermore, the paper assesses Musk's leadership decisions through the lens of established leadership theories and explores his capability under the ten CEO Performance Areas (CEOPA). Originality/Value: The study introduces a CEO performance matrix and Stakeholders Perception Index (SPI) to provide a holistic evaluation of Musk's position apart from SWOC, ABCD, KPI. The paper concludes with postulates on the future outlook of Musk and Tesla, offering suggestions based on the analysis. Type of Paper: Exploratory research Case Study.
Exploring Psychological Well-being in Indian Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder- A Qualitative Study
Purpose: This qualitative study explores the psychological well-being of Indian mothers who are primary caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The research investigates the unique challenges, coping strategies, and emotional experiences of these mothers within the cultural and familial context of India. Design/Methodology/Approach: Through in-depth interviews of 61 mothers, and thematic analysis, the study aims to uncover the multifaceted aspects of psychological well-being, including autonomy, competence, healthy relationships, self-acceptance, personal growth, and purpose in life by cross-sectional design with interpretivism and an inductive approach. Finding/Result: Psychological well-being (PWB) was assessed by measuring the fulfillment of personal desires, meaning and acceptance of life, learning new experiences in life, connectedness or positive relations, goal setting, achievements, and satisfaction. The 6 items PWB1, PWB2, PWB3, PWB4, PWB5, and PWB6 of the PWB as a construct demonstrated to measure the psychological well-being of mothers of autistic children. Despite the challenges, it explores how mothers perceive their ability to meet their child's desires and needs through sacrifices in caring for their child with special needs. Originality/Value: The objective of investigating the factors that provide meaning, purpose, and fulfillment to mothers in their roles as primary caregivers to children with ASD carried out. Themes of autonomy, competence, healthy relationships, self-acceptance, personal growth, and purpose in life emerged as critical components influencing their psychological well-being. These themes collectively aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the psychological well-being of Indian mothers caring for children with ASD, informing future research, on intervention strategies to better support these mothers and their families. Paper Type: Case study-based analysis
Exploring Quality of Life Dimensions Among Indian Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder- A Qualitative Analysis
Purpose: This study aims to explore the comprehensive understanding of the quality of life (QoL) of Indian mothers raising children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Given the cultural and socio-economic context of India, this research seeks to analyze how having a child with ASD affects family dynamics, including relationships within the family and overall family functioning. Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 61 Indian mothers of children diagnosed with ASD. Participants were recruited through autism support groups and clinics across various regions of India. Thematic analysis was used to identify and interpret patterns and themes within the interview data. Finding/Result: QoL was constructed to measure positive emotions, support systems, and social relationships, with acquired additional skills and knowledge, to improve quality of life concerning leisure activities as one of the primary indicators of QoL. The concept of "Leisure Becoming" revolves around activities and practices that foster relaxation and stress reduction, contributing to overall well-being. These activities are integral to maintaining balance in life and can help individuals manage stress and enhance their quality of life. Originality/Value: The construct QoL is the 5-item Quality of Life measure (QoL). The 5 items QoL1, QoL2, QoL3, QoL4, and QoL5 of the QoL construct measure, QOL construct specific to the leisure domain. Leisure activities are one of the primary indicators of QoL, which measures the subjective well-being of an individual and influences life values and needs. Paper Type: Case study-based analysis
Impact of the Social Stock Exchange (SSE) of India for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Purpose: Social Stock Exchange or SSE is for enterprises that work for the welfare of the society or community. These enterprises should be set up as charitable associations. SSE's objective is to provide an alternative fund-raising instrument to such organisations. To create a platform for Social Impact Investing in India, to address the funding gap and to encourage more investment in the social, environment the social stock exchange unveiled in the 2019 -20 Budget Speech by the Union Finance Minister and SEBI has formed a working group for formalizing Social Stock Exchange (SSE), Social Stock Exchange reduce the finance gap, alleviate poverty, create a better society and contribute economic development. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) states that India needs 1 trillion per year and NITI Aayog estimate that funding equivalent to 13% of GDP is required to achieve SDG by 2030, in FY2022 Social Sector funding percentage is 9.6% of GDP. Social Stock Exchange trading platforms allow social enterprises(SE), NGOs, Civil Society organizations (CSOs), Non-Profit organizations(NPOs),and profit Enterprises (FPEs), can raise funds, through instruments like Zero coupons Zero Principal bonds(ZCZP), Donations, Social Finance, Mutual Funds, Development Impact Bonds, Social Venture Funds (SVF) both debt and equity will address the funding gap and encourage more investment in Social, Environment Cause and also encourage the SMEs start the of social Incubators/Accelerators. Brazil, South Africa, Jamaica, the UK, Canada, Portugal and Singapore have already established Social Stock Exchanges (SSE).On February 22, 2023, SEBI gave the green signal to the National Stock Exchange (NSE) to launch the Social Stock Exchange. At present, only Institutional Investors and Non-Institutional Investors are allowed to invest in the SSE. Methodology: This study is solely based on secondary data, policy documents, case studies, and the literature reviews of several scholars. The study collects information from online journals, e- papers, newspaper stories, and websites of the Government agencies for the present research article. Results & Discussion: The Main impact of this research paper A case study on 6.4 Case study of SGBS Unnati Foundation and ABCD analysis gives more insight into Social Stock Exchange (SSE) of India for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Originality/Value: 5 S Models for Social Stock Exchange Highlights the Social Stock Exchange (SSE) of India for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs.) Social Implication: To facilitate funding requirements through listing- Profit, Non-profit, and Social enterprises can meet the welfare of society. Type of Research: Exploratory Case Study.
Financial Literacy for Economic Empowerment: Microfinance Initiatives in Indian SHGs
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate how improved financial literacy, facilitated by microfinance programs, influences the empowerment of women within Self Help Groups (SHGs) in India. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study explores the impact of enhanced financial literacy through microfinance programs on women's economic empowerment within Self Help Groups (SHGs) in India. The methodology involves conducting a comprehensive literature review using academic databases, government reports, and relevant case studies to gather data on the effectiveness of financial literacy interventions. Additionally, the study employs ABCD analysis as a structured framework to evaluate the outcomes of these interventions. This methodological approach aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of how financial literacy programs contribute to women's economic empowerment in SHGs, offering insights to inform future policy and programmatic decisions in promoting financial inclusion and gender equality. Findings/Result: The research demonstrates notable advancements in financial knowledge, access to financial services, and positive shifts in financial behaviours among women participating in Self Help Groups (SHGs) in India after engaging in improved financial literacy programs facilitated by microfinance initiatives. These findings highlight the critical impact of these programs in enhancing economic empowerment and expanding financial inclusion within underserved communities, especially among rural women. Originality/Value: The study underscores notable advancements in financial knowledge, service accessibility, and financial behaviours among participants, underscoring how tailored financial education plays a pivotal role in advancing economic empowerment and fostering financial inclusion in marginalized rural communities. These insights contribute important perspectives to current literature by advocating for targeted interventions that enhance women's economic empowerment and align with sustainable development objectives through improved financial literacy. Paper Type: Review based Analysis.
Assessment of the Budget Allocation and Utilization Trend of Mandandeupur Municipality, Nepal
Purpose: To assess the budget allocation and utilization trend of Mandandeupur Municipality newly formed municipality in Kavrepalanchowk district under Bagmati province of Nepal. Design/Methodology/Approach: This was an analytical (ex post facto) research design to look up and to decide on trends of Budget utilization with respect to budget allocation of municipality by the review of the annually published budget book. Calculations like Earn Value Analysis and Trends analysis were done. Findings/Result: It was found that, when executing the project, the construction method and design were changed, and the entire element included in the Detailed Project Report (DPR) was not included in the project, like landscape. Also, it was found that one project cost was higher than that of the Detailed Project Report (DPR) and the reason behind it was that all the elements were not included and unforeseeable elements occurred in the project. In this study, it was found that the difference in budget utilization and budget allocation by the municipality ranged from 7.31% to 96.12%. The difference between budget allocation and contract award varies from 4.76% to 69.01%. The difference between contract award and budget utilization ranges from -6.85% to 19.19% and the average percentage is 4.13%. Similarly, these budgetary trends of seal quotation are also found. Originality/Value: The analysis of the data from Mandandeupur Municipality over five consecutive fiscal years provided valuable insights into the budget allocation and utilization, bidding trends, and contract administration practices in the construction projects. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities in project management and budgeting in the context of the municipality. Paper Type: Empirical Research
Tech-Business Analytics in GIG Economy – A Futuristic Technology Supported Online Business Model
Purpose: Using data-driven insights to optimize operations, boost productivity, and improve the overall experience for service providers (gig workers) and customers is the main goal of tech-business analytics in the gig economy. Design/Methodology/Approach: Through adherence to this methodology, companies functioning in the gig economy can proficiently utilize tech-business analytics to maximize efficiency, improve client satisfaction, and stimulate enduring expansion and value generation. Findings/Result: These results demonstrate the substantial influence that tech-business analytics has on a number of gig economy domains, ranging from pricing optimization and workforce management to customer experience improvement and regulatory compliance. Platforms can promote growth, reduce risks, and add value for all parties engaged in the gig economy ecosystem by utilizing data-driven insights. Originality/Value: Through the adoption of innovative tech-business analytics in the gig economy, platforms can set themselves apart, encourage creativity, and produce long-term benefits for gig workers, clients, and other parties involved in the changing nature of labor. Paper Type: Exploratory Research on Technology Management.
A New Model of Super Innovative MBA Programme to Achieve its Objective of Creating Super Executives
Purpose: To propose a paradigm shift in MBA programmes by redefining their objectives, introducing new quality standards to develop super executives, and evaluating innovative learning approaches. Methodology: This paper is an explorative in nature where a new model is proposed to solve the weakness of existing MBA programmes in the Universities and Business Schools by proposing a series of value-added research skill-based subjects to enhance executive and entrepreneurship confidence among MBA graduates. The suitable information is collected using keyword-based search through Google, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT engines. The collected information is analysed using various analysis, comparison, evaluation, interpretation frameworks and new super innovative MBA model is suggested to create super executives. Analysis: This paper explores the redefinition of program, mentor, and graduate outcome quality, while also analysing the value-added differentiation concepts such as experiential and customized research learning. By identifying new responsibilities for mentors/instructors and delineating executive performance areas and key performance indicators (KPIs), this paper aims to enhance the effectiveness and relevance of MBA education in producing high-calibre business leaders. Results: A new model for MBA is proposed with emphasis for research and experiential learning focus. Along with core, specialization, and super specialization subjects, the MBA scholars are exposed to research skills such as analysis, comparison, evaluation, interpretation, synthesis, and creation through systematic research case studies which include industry analysis, company analysis, CEO analysis, Patent analysis, and Business plan proposals. Hence this new MBA model gives equal emphasis to create innovative executives and innovative entrepreneurs who can start their own business initially in digital space and nurture it to global real/physical locations. Originality/Value: The paper suggests a New innovative proposal to add value to existing MBA programmes all over the World. Hence a Revolutionizing MBA Education: A Groundbreaking Model for Cultivating Exceptional Executives is proposed. Type of Paper: Exploratory Analysis.
Strategic Analysis of DeepMind Technologies Limited: An Exploratory Case Study of AI Innovation, Ethics, and Business Evolution
Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly paper is to conduct an in-depth exploratory case study of DeepMind Technologies Limited, analyzing its strategic evolution, technological innovation, and ethical commitments within the dynamic AI industry. By applying comprehensive business frameworks such as SWOC, ABCD, and PESTLE, the study aims to evaluate DeepMind’s internal capabilities, external challenges, and societal responsibilities. The research further seeks to generate actionable insights that inform stakeholder engagement, competitive positioning, and responsible AI development in contemporary business environments. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Analysis & Suggestions: The analysis of DeepMind Technologies Limited highlights its strategic strengths in pioneering AI research, ethical innovation frameworks, and robust Alphabet support, yet it also faces challenges such as limited commercialization and regulatory scrutiny. To sustain long-term impact, DeepMind must prioritize transparency in ethical KPIs, enhance cross-industry collaborations, and diversify its AI applications to broader sectors like education, healthcare, and climate change. These measures would ensure greater societal value, stakeholder trust, and responsible leadership in the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence. Originality/Value: This paper offers a holistic and multi-dimensional analysis of DeepMind Technologies Limited by integrating strategic, ethical, technological, and stakeholder perspectives. It contributes original insights into how AI-driven companies can balance cutting-edge research with sustainable innovation and responsible governance. The study's framework provides a valuable reference for future research and strategic planning in the field of ethical AI and corporate innovation. Type of Paper: Case study based on Exploratory Research.
CEO Analysis of K. Krithivasan of Tata Consultancy Services
Purpose: The scholarly article "CEO Analysis of K. Krithivasan of Tata Consultancy Services" aims to comprehensively examine CEO K. Krithivasan’s leadership approach, strategic decisions, and their impact on Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). Through analytical frameworks like SWOC, KPIs, ABCD, and established leadership theories, the paper evaluates Krithivasan’s career progression, leadership style, and his contributions to TCS, the broader technology industry, and society. Ultimately, the analysis provides strategic insights and recommendations, equipping future business leaders and MBA students with the necessary understanding to assess corporate leadership, predict organizational outcomes, and effectively navigate complex business environments. Methodology: This study employs an exploratory qualitative research approach to gather and analyze relevant data. The information is sourced through keyword-based searches using Google Search, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT models. The collected data is then systematically analyzed and interpreted in alignment with the study's objectives. Results/Analysis: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of K. Krithivasan, the CEO of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), focusing on his career trajectory, leadership style, and contributions to the company, industry, and society. The study utilizes multiple analytical frameworks, including SWOC, KPIs, and ABCD, to assess his influence on TCS’s performance. Originality/Values: The paper evaluates his leadership decisions through established leadership theories and examines his capabilities using the Ten CEO Performance Areas (CEOPA) and the CEO Performance Matrix, concluding with strategic recommendations based on anticipated technological advancements, evolving business models, and shifting stakeholder perceptions. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research Case Study.
The Evolution of Banking Industry in India: Past, Present, and Future with Special Emphasis on the Impact of AI on Banking Operations
Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly paper is to thoroughly investigate the evolution of the banking industry in India, analyzing its historical progression, regulatory environment, and technological innovations, particularly emphasizing the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in contemporary banking operations. By employing systematic frameworks such as SWOC, ABCD, and PESTLE, the study aims to identify key factors shaping current practices, assess market positioning, evaluate stakeholder perspectives, and forecast future trends and opportunities. Ultimately, the paper intends to provide actionable insights and strategic recommendations for policymakers, financial institutions, and investors to effectively navigate and leverage technological advancements, fostering sustained growth and resilience within India's dynamic banking landscape. Methodology: This study employs an exploratory qualitative research approach to gather and analyze relevant data. The information is sourced through keyword-based searches using Google Search, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT models. The collected data is then systematically analyzed and interpreted in alignment with the study's objectives. Results/Discussion: The article applies multiple industry analysis frameworks, including SWOC (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Challenges) to assess market positioning, ABCD (Advantages, Benefits, Constraints, and Disadvantages) for performance evaluation, and PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) to understand macroeconomic influences. Novelty/Values: The paper presents strategic recommendations for stakeholders, including policymakers, financial institutions, and investors, to enhance growth, resilience, and innovation in the Indian banking sector. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research Case Study.
Women as Custodians of Spiritual Wisdom: The Evolution of Female Authority from the Vedic Hymns to the Upanishads
Purpose: The Upanishads, foundational texts of Indian philosophy, are often regarded as deeply metaphysical and centred on the pursuit of ultimate knowledge (Brahma-Vidya). While ancient Indian spiritual traditions were largely male-dominated, the Upanishads present several women as intellectual authorities, philosophers, and spiritual seekers who actively engaged in complex metaphysical debates. Women such as Gargi Vachaknavi and Maitreyi played significant roles in spiritual discourse, philosophical inquiry, and scriptural exegesis, challenging societal norms of their time. This paper explores the contributions of these women, analysing their dialogues, teachings, and the broader implications of their presence in the Upanishadic tradition. Methodology used: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Results/ Analysis: The influence of Upanishadic women like Gargi and Maitreyi on Hindu philosophical thought is both profound and enduring. Their contributions not only shaped the evolution of spiritual inquiry in ancient India but also continue to inspire contemporary dialogues on gender and spirituality Originality/ Values: It also examines whether their philosophical engagements indicate a greater inclusivity in Vedic thought or remain isolated instances in a predominantly patriarchal system. By evaluating both historical context and textual interpretations, this study aims to highlight the role of women in shaping early Hindu philosophy and spiritual traditions. Type of Paper: Exploratory research.
Karma and Renunciation: A Comparative Study of Isha Upanishad Verses 2-3 and Bhagavad Gita
Purpose: The Isha Upanishad presents a unique perspective on the interplay between karma (action) and renunciation (sannyāsa), particularly in verses 2 and 3. While advocating for a life of action without attachment, the text also warns against ignorance and material bondage. This paradox resonates with the Bhagavad Gita’s synthesis of karma yoga and jnana yoga, which reconciles duty with spiritual liberation. This study aims to analyze the philosophical and practical implications of karma and renunciation in these two texts, examining their interpretations within Advaita Vedanta, Dvaita Vedanta, and other Hindu traditions. By comparing the Isha Upanishad’s teachings with the Bhagavad Gita’s discourse on selfless action, the research highlights their relevance in contemporary ethical and spiritual discourse. The study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of how these foundational texts guide seekers in navigating the dual path of engagement in the world and spiritual detachment. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Results/Analysis: Both texts highlight that it is not action itself that leads to bondage, but rather the ego's identification with being the 'doer' and attachment to outcomes. By shifting one's perspective and dedicating all actions to the Divine, even mundane tasks can become a form of spiritual practice. Originality/Values: This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of how these texts offer a practical spiritual framework for individuals balancing worldly responsibilities with the pursuit of liberation.
Strategic Evaluation of British American Tobacco Company: Navigating Innovation, Ethics, and Market Dynamics
Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly paper, “Strategic Evaluation of British American Tobacco: Navigating Innovation, Ethics, and Market Dynamics,” is to critically assess how British American Tobacco (BAT) integrates strategic innovation, ethical responsibility, and adaptive market dynamics to sustain competitiveness in a highly regulated global tobacco industry. The study aims to explore how BAT balances profitability with public accountability, technological transformation, and stakeholder trust. Ultimately, it seeks to derive actionable insights on how multinational corporations in controversial or restricted industries can achieve sustainable growth while maintaining ethical compliance and social legitimacy. Methodology: This study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design to evaluate British American Tobacco’s global strategic positioning, innovation-driven initiatives, and ethical governance practices. The research relies primarily on secondary and qualitative data collected from BAT’s annual reports, sustainability reports, industry white papers, scholarly journals, financial databases, and regulatory disclosures. Analytical frameworks such as SWOC analysis, ABCD model, financial performance analysis, and ethical strategy evaluation were applied to interpret BAT’s operational efficiency, innovation adaptability, and ethical leadership in evolving market conditions. The required information for the analysis is collected for identified keywords using the Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. Analysis & Suggestions: The analysis reveals that British American Tobacco’s strategic success is anchored in its robust global distribution network, strong brand equity, and commitment to product innovation through new categories such as reduced-risk products and digital transformation. However, challenges persist in the form of regulatory pressures, ethical controversies, and declining cigarette consumption in mature markets. It is suggested that BAT strengthen its sustainability and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) practices, accelerate research and innovation in alternative nicotine delivery systems, and enhance transparency in stakeholder engagement. Focusing on ethical marketing, health-conscious diversification, and digital modernization can further improve BAT’s global reputation, profitability, and long-term resilience. Originality/Value: This study presents a comprehensive strategic evaluation of British American Tobacco by integrating SWOC, ABCD, financial, and ethical analyses within a unified framework. It contributes original value by linking strategic innovation, corporate ethics, and market adaptability to tangible business outcomes. The findings offer meaningful insights for academicians, policymakers, and corporate leaders seeking to understand how companies operating in ethically sensitive sectors can sustain competitiveness while aligning with global sustainability and regulatory expectations. Type of Paper: Exploratory Case Study.
Leadership and Strategic Vision: A Scholarly Analysis of CEO Anders Opedal’s Tenure at Equinor
Purpose: CEO analysis is a critical research topic that examines a leader’s strategic decisions, leadership style, and impact on organizational performance. Understanding a CEO’s influence helps MBA students develop insights into corporate governance, strategic management, and leadership effectiveness. This analysis equips future business leaders with the knowledge to assess executive decision-making and its long-term implications on business success. Methodology: An exploratory qualitative approach has been utilized in this study to collect and analyze relevant data. Sources include keyword-based searches conducted through Google Search, Google Scholar, and AI-enabled GPT systems, followed by structured analysis in accordance with the research aims. Results / Analysis: This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Anders Opedal, the CEO of Equinor, highlighting his professional journey, leadership approach, and impact on the company, industry, and broader energy sector. Equinor is a leading Norwegian energy company focused on oil, gas, and renewable energy, driving the transition toward sustainability. Anders Opedal, appointed CEO in 2020, has emphasized digitalization, decarbonization, and strategic innovation to position Equinor for a low-carbon future. His leadership reflects a commitment to balancing profitability with environmental responsibility in the evolving global energy landscape. Originality / Values: The research concludes with strategic recommendations, considering emerging energy trends, sustainability imperatives, and the evolving expectations of stakeholders. This study offers a comprehensive perspective on how individual leadership can shape a company's trajectory in a dynamic global context. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research Case Study
Aviation Industry Analysis with Special Reference to Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Purpose: To critically examine the aviation sector’s role as a cornerstone of global logistics. It aims to analyze how airlines, airports, and cargo operators contribute to supply chain efficiency, competitiveness, and resilience. By applying multiple analytical frameworks, the study seeks to identify key opportunities, challenges, and strategic directions for strengthening aviation-driven logistics networks. Methodology: This exploratory research case study gathers data from credible sources such as websites, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT tools. The collected information is systematically analyzed using analytical frameworks like SWOC, ABCD, and other functional models aligned with the study’s objectives. This approach ensures a comprehensive, multi-dimensional understanding of the aviation industry’s dynamics within logistics and supply chain management. Result/Analysis: The analysis of the research case study “Aviation Industry Analysis with Special Reference to Logistics and Supply Chain Management” reveals that the aviation sector serves as a critical enabler of global supply chains, connecting markets and facilitating the movement of high-value, time-sensitive goods. Using analytical tools such as SWOC, ABCD, and PESTLE, the study identifies the industry’s strengths in speed and connectivity, alongside challenges like high costs and regulatory constraints. The findings emphasize the need for innovation, sustainability, and technological integration to enhance efficiency, resilience, and competitiveness in aviation logistics. Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies in its integrated use of multiple analytical frameworks—SWOC, ABCD, PESTLE, and Value Chain—to evaluate the aviation industry’s role in logistics and supply chain management. It adds value by providing a holistic, data-driven perspective that bridges theoretical analysis with practical insights for improving efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability in the aviation sector. Type of Paper: Exploratory Qualitative Research Case Study.
Emerging Trends and Opportunities in India’s Air Cargo Industry Sector
Purpose: This paper aims to explore the evolving dynamics of India’s air cargo industry in the context of global trade, technological innovation, and economic transformation. It investigates emerging trends, strategic opportunities, and operational challenges using integrated analytical frameworks such as SWOC, ABCD, and PESTLE. The study seeks to provide actionable insights for stakeholders to enhance competitiveness, sustainability, and service quality in a rapidly changing logistics landscape. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in the Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analyzed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Analysis: The analysis of the air cargo industry highlights its rapid growth driven by globalization, e-commerce, and technological advancements, while also revealing challenges such as infrastructure limitations, regulatory complexities, and environmental concerns. Strategic frameworks like SWOC, ABCD, and PESTLE underscore the need for digital transformation, sustainability initiatives, and policy support to enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness. The paper suggests that stakeholders should invest in smart logistics, expand into emerging markets, and adopt eco-friendly practices to capitalize on future opportunities. Originality/Value: The originality of this paper lies in its comprehensive application of multiple strategic frameworks—SWOC, ABCD, and PESTLE—to analyze the air cargo industry, offering a multidimensional perspective rarely combined in similar studies. By focusing on India’s emerging market context, the paper adds localized insights to a predominantly global discourse, highlighting region-specific opportunities and challenges. Its value is further enhanced by addressing the intersection of digitalization, sustainability, and policy, making it a relevant resource for academics, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. Type of Paper: Exploratory Case Study.
Procter & Gamble: Mastering Global Markets Through Innovation, Strategy, and Consumer Excellence
Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly paper, “Procter & Gamble: Mastering Global Markets Through Innovation, Strategy, and Consumer Excellence,” is to analyze how P&G integrates innovation, strategic management, and consumer-driven approaches to sustain leadership in the global FMCG sector. The study aims to uncover the interconnections between technology, sustainability, and stakeholder collaboration that shape P&G’s long-term competitiveness and value creation. Ultimately, it seeks to derive actionable insights that can guide multinational corporations in balancing profitability with purpose and market responsiveness. Methodology: This study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design to examine Procter & Gamble’s global business performance and strategic management practices. Both secondary and qualitative data were utilized, collected from credible sources such as P&G’s annual reports, SEC filings, scholarly journals, business databases, and reputable industry analyses. Analytical tools, including SWOC analysis, ABCD framework, financial performance assessment, and technological strategy evaluation, were applied to interpret P&G’s operational efficiency, innovation strategy, and market responsiveness. The methodology emphasizes a case study approach, enabling an in-depth understanding of how P&G leverages innovation, consumer insights, and sustainability to maintain global competitiveness and long-term growth. Analysis & Suggestions: The analysis reveals that Procter & Gamble’s sustained success is rooted in its strong brand portfolio, continuous innovation, and data-driven consumer engagement, which together enhance global competitiveness. However, the study identifies challenges such as market saturation, rising operational costs, and the need for faster digital adaptation across emerging markets. It is suggested that P&G intensify its focus on localized innovation, expand sustainable product lines, and strengthen digital transformation to further enhance agility, profitability, and long-term market leadership. Top of Form Bottom of Form Originality/Value: This study offers a unique, multidimensional evaluation of Procter & Gamble by integrating SWOC, ABCD, financial, and technological strategy analyses within a single framework. It contributes original value by linking innovation, sustainability, and consumer-centric strategy to measurable business outcomes, highlighting how P&G effectively balances profit and purpose. The insights derived serve as a valuable reference for academics, policymakers, and business leaders seeking to understand and replicate sustainable success in the global FMCG sector. Type of Paper: Exploratory Case Study.
Parental Expectations and Aspirations: Impacts on Academic Outcomes from School to Pre-University Education – A Review
Purpose: This paper examines how parents’ academic expectations shape School and Pre-University students’ learning experiences. Expectations can motivate when balanced, but cause stress when excessive. The review explores this delicate balance, highlighting the role of communication gaps between parents and students and considering cultural differences in how expectations are expressed. The goal is to understand their impact on academic performance and emotional well-being and to suggest ways to foster healthier parent-student relationships. Methodology: Instead of reporting on one study alone, this paper brings together insights from many different kinds of research. Some studies rely on numbers and statistics, others use interviews and personal stories, and a few combine both. By weaving together these different approaches, the review highlights where researchers agree, where they differ, and what lessons can be learned from their findings. Results/Analysis: Evidence shows that high but realistic expectations enhance student performance and confidence, whereas overly rigid or extreme expectations can lead to stress, anxiety, and burnout. Peer comparison and fear of failure further affect mental health. Responses vary according to gender, family income, and cultural background. A key finding is that students flourish when parents pair expectations with open communication, understanding, and emotional support. Originality/Value: This review emphasizes the human dimensions of education- emotions, relationships, and cultural context- beyond grades and exams. It shows that academic support rooted in empathy and balance fosters both achievement and resilience. For parents, educators, and policymakers, these insights offer practical guidance for nurturing young learners without undue pressure. Type of the paper: Review Article.